Workshop:

The paper is assessing Africa place and level of insertion in the world trade. It is also analyzing the NEPAD creation historical creation process and is concluding by showing through the Sahel tension analysis the african leaders responsibilities on what’s going on in the continent.

Can Agriculture and mining sector support each other? The Katanga case

The survey on agricultural sector(ESA, a report done in 2009 by TECSULT International Limited and GECT) requested by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development is stating that:

* The D.R of the Congo has huge agricultural potential, with an estimated cultivable surface of 75 millions of hectares, with less than 10 millions of hectares dedicated to crops and livestock, meaning 1.5 hectare by agricultural household. There is therefore place for a significant growth due to actions and development policies opening a path to a better exploitation of this wonderful potential.

* Annual food production is reaching only 20 millions of tons for a need of 25 millions of tons; the deficit is fulfilled through importations, this situation is getting worse because of an annual growth of 2% facing an annual demographic growth rate beyond 3%

* Agriculture is employing 70% of the working population, but is contributing only for 30% of the GDP; Meaning that productivity in this sector is so inferior to the economy other sectors;

* Agricultural export revenues have dramatically collapsed, from 334 millions$ in 1995 to 4.3 millions $ in 2003.

Author: Pierre KAHENGA,Executive Secretary of CRONGD, Katanga, D.R of Congo

Ghanean Employers Association(GEA),the Kilimandjaro networks of individuals involved in Corporate social Responsibility and sustainable development in Africa promotion and the Africa Institute RSE have organized in Accra, Ghana in November 27 and 28, 2013, the third edition of the international forum of Corporate Social Responsibiity pioneers in Africa on the following theme: « Corporate Social Responsibility as a strategic tool for a structural transformation of economy and shared value creation in Africa ».

At the end of the meeting, participants made this announcement:

To develop Enterprises Corporate Social Responsibility in Africa, the KILIMANDJARO network and the Africa Institute RSE were asked to create a working group composed of all stakeholders and representing all Africa regions in order to start discussions about a « Africa Corporate Responsibility Label » creation. The Moroccan Enterprises General Confederation(CGEM)label, developped through a partnership between stakeholders will serve as a model. The document is describing different objectives to be reach by the label creation.

Author: Thierry Téné, Director of Africa Institute RSE

Our article is surveying imbalances between real mining and oil incomes opportunities of african producing countries and payments received by governments. With contracts characterized by these imbalances, we will survey potential impacts of fair contracts negotiation on socio-economic variables, if revision occurs. Lastly, the survey will propose governance principles applicable in this domain and who will be at the foundation of institutional regulation mechanisms of mining and oil sectors and also include a multi stakeholders plateform(multipartite commissions, local and national advocacy groups, civil society representatives, NGOs,…). But there are governance principles that require the need to strenghten states and public institutions capabilities.

In order to develop this narrative and make few propositions, we will examine successively the following points:

. mining and oil contracts imbalances: history and perspectives

. african mining and oil potential: power relations between actors

. governance of resources and contracts negotiation

Author: Pascal Clement Razanakoto

This report on african cities 2010 situation: governance, inequalities and urban land markets is the second kind of report UN-Habitat is publishing. The present report is focusing on major processes and themes that that concern especially Africa, by illustrating them through recent data and talking examples. It is focusing on cities without applying a well defined level to populated areas it is dealing with. The subject is about urbanization and urban areas in general. This report is utilizing recent data published by the6 Population Division at UN Department of economic and social affairs as they appear in its publication World Urbanization Prospects: the 2009 version(CD-ROM, United Nations, 2009). The reference abbreviated « WUP 2009 » is designing this source in the whole document.

UN-HABITAT: Nairobi, November 2010

The Sahel region a wide and arid area connecting six West Africa countries(Burkina Faso, Tchad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger and Senegal)is hosting many of the most pastoralist productive communities in the world. However their way of life is threatened by huge challenges such as climate change or political and development issues the region is facing.

In the Sahel, over the centuries, more than millions pastoralist people did improve the art of surviving by sheep and cattle rearing in one of the most hostile environment on earth. The yield meat in the Sahel is almost the same as the one found in some of the best australian or american ranchs. Currently half of the meat and two thrid of milk produced and consummed in West african countries are coming from the Sahel.

Pastoralism is however confronted to numerous threats. The rapid population growth, conflicts, food price volatility, animals diseases, areas of pasture and water resource reduction are so many factors, that when combined, can put in danger this way of life known as pastoralism.

Author: Makhtar Diop, World Bank vice-president for Africa

Globalization can present bad surprises and mining resources are can be over. It is in the region interesrt to launch the Maghreb Economic Community.

This collective book is addressing this subject and will be published soon in Algeria(December 2013) with possible edition in France or Morocco. Coordinated by Professor Abderrahmane MEBTOUL, international expert in strategic management and Dr Camille SAIRI, Financial expert, teacher in Sorbonne, both working for many years on the Maghreb, it is gathering for the first time, more than thirty experts and university professors, europeans, algerians, moroccans, mauritanians and lybyans who are willing to share their reflections and propositions. We wish that it will generate a productive debate on our region integration with regard to very important geostrategical stakes that are profiling in the 2014-2020 horizon(following in the 700pages book plan)

The Democratic Republique of Congo do have huge natural resources(agricultural, mining, ernergetic,fishing and touristic) which exploitation should be the guarantee of its economic and social development. During the independence, the country had an integrated economic fabric that become dislocated with all troubles, lootings, wars and inadapted political and economic measures tht did happened and jeopardized all its good development perspectives. Fourty years later the country economy is in very bad shape and severe diagnosis should be donne to identify fundamental problems and propose possible solutions enabling to put the economy in a sustainable track. Generally speaking activities and production decrease is happening in all sectors. Before the country was exporting agricultural (food crops and cash crops), nowadays The Congo is importing to satisfy its population and industry needs…

The Congo Federation of Enterprises is convinced that national economy recovery should start in hinterland, meaning the provinces. The Congo Federation of Entreprises is proposing following paths to proceed in recovering: peace and security consolidation, institutional and ruling environment restoring, giving priority to agriculture, fishing and livestock etc…

Author: Congo Federation of Entreprises, march 2007

In the aftermath of the Bogota Summit on durable cities, the Colombian Senate Environment Commission has welcome the french delegation to share the Colombian Congress concerns regarding threat on ecosystems and indigenous people. Pierre Calame, during the meeting made the promise to write a reflection note. This paper is dealing with this subject. After taking into consideration senators concerns and observing inadequacy of current international negotiation modalities and worldwide interest of safeguading ecosystems stake, the note is bringing propositions which can be summarized as implementation of durable chains, international law of responsability, international taxation, adopting adapted governance regimes toward special public goods such as natural resources or worldwide big ecosystems preservation like Amazonia, a world effort to train future elites, espcially technical elites to develop a more professional approach of complexity, more respectful of ecosystems and finally launching a worldwide citizen debate on ecosystems and extractive industries management.

Author: Pierre Calame, FPH, December 1st, 2012

The concept of development was framed in 1987 by the United Nations Program for Environment(UNPE). the concept did appear at a time when in Senegal numerous peasant and rural organizations were emerging. The rise of these peasant organizations was a consequence of the relaunching and development policy in the agricultural sector initiated by senegalese authorities in the so-called New Agricultural Policy(NAP). Casamance in the southern Senegal was at the forefront of this associative dynamic. This region, viewed for a long time as the breadbasket of Senegal, do have huge agricultural potential, even though experiencing an armed conflict for more than twenty years. In Senegal, the awareness regarding the notion of sustainable development is real both in public authorities side and peasant organizations one. Moreover peasant organizations in their different actions have developped new dynamics that match susatainable development logic. They have created small production and transforming units, small microfinance institutions and hydro-agricultural facilities.

Author: Hassane Dramé ONG Plein Sud(France)

The term ‘Fear’ constitutes for some years as the dominant paradigm through which the rise of China as emerging power in the World is analyzed in various realms. This concept of fear appears like a category endowed with a capacity of ambiguous explanatory. It postulates a sort of universal mistrust towards China. From this universalizing cognitive approach, imperialism emerges as a methodical doubt on the use of this concept whose content seems relative. Africa had to organize and stow itself to the Chinese’ locomotive to the will of its interests. But Africa is itself contaminated by Chinese fears. While carrying the fear and who had never been offered economic support since a century or more, Africa surprised with certain Chinese clichés. China poses like a ‘Big Satan Dragon’ to Africa with its arrival to tap African oil, to pillage and influence of big media and some publications. One can ask whether Chinese strong growth controls/ occupies the geopolitical composition of the continent or is China a threat or opportunity for the African economies?

To bring elements of response to the questioning, two hypotheses can be drawn here:

1. Of course China constitutes a threat because of its status of emerging power and whose conquering economy conveys the image of an authoritarian new «grand» doubled with predator’s appetite.

2. There is absolutely no need to be afraid of China because it is a giant whose model of development can be a source of inspiration for the African economies in the framework of a relation of win-win partnership. The stake for Africa is to have the mastery of its relations with China that can be an opportunity for this continent.

Our thesis is that China occupies the geopolitical reconstruction of Africa, which creates to a certain extent a conflict of interests with the former western powers. And it can be an opportunity for the African economies, especially if governments assume their own financial responsibilities by improving the way of collecting taxes, the business environment, and the quality of the public expense and by putting an end to the capital outflow, or by requiring the transfer of technology from Chinese partners. This is comprehensible given the fact that all weaknesses of Africa can be corrected by assets of Africa which is in a position to recover its status of strategic stake in the new global political and economic order.

Herman Touo, Université de Ngaoundéré, Cameroun

Countries highly dependent on natural resources are among the most severely affected by the problem

of illicit financial flows. Despite a lack of definite studies proving the correlation between higher

dependency on natural resources and higher levels of illicit flows, there are grounds to believe

extractive industries’ revenues provide a large contribution to these flows. Most existing initiatives to

address governance issues in extractive sectors have not been designed with the problem of illicit

financial flows in mind. They have generally contributed to increased levels of transparency in the

sector but have not significantly influenced the likelihood that revenues from natural resources will be

misappropriated and illicitly transferred. But extractive industries initiatives can be improved in this

regard, and development aid, along with other stakeholders, can help. Among other priorities,

transparency initiatives should demand higher disaggregation of information disclosed by extractive

companies and host governments. Transparency requirements should extend beyond revenues to

licensing, contracts, physical resource flows, and other production factors, as well as to public

expenditure. Extractives transparency initiatives also need to integrate elements of the tax justice and

tax evasion agendas in order to expand their relevance to the effort to reduce illicit financial flows.

Increased growth rates and increased foreign investment in Africa are leading public opinion to believe that the continent is going to be the next world economic engine.

This idea of an « emerging Africa » has mainly beeen put forward in recent articles covering first pages of magazines such as Time and the Economist. However these publications have done a wrong analysis of economic development perspectives in Africa-and the reasons of their mistakes do explain enough how we are understanding countries economic development during globaliztion era.

The two articles are using wrong indicators to evaluate economic development in Africa. They are pulling recent increased african GDP, increased revenu per inhabitant and cell phones boom and banking services through telephone as proofs that Africa is « developing ».

This study analyses the efficiency of fiscal policy when it is combined with governance in sub-Saharan Africa.

The links are uncertain between fiscal and governance variables, and development measured by industrial

added value, revenue per capita and human development index. However, it is noticed that fiscal policy is

inefficient in the countries where governance is unsatisfied or average. Public investment and quality of

governance have powerful impacts on development in the countries of good governance. Therefore, the

efficiency of fiscal policy is linked to a country governance performance.